Temperature-controlled last-mile logistics operations specific to South Africa’s Gauteng province, facing unique challenges from high altitude (1,750m elevation reducing refrigeration capacity 21%), urban heat island effects in Johannesburg and Pretoria,…
Gel Pack
A sealed pouch containing water-based gel that absorbs heat through phase change (melting) to provide passive cooling for temperature-sensitive shipments without mechanical refrigeration. While gel packs offer simple, affordable cooling…
Glycol Buffered Probe
A temperature sensor sealed inside a container of propylene glycol that responds to temperature changes at a rate similar to food products rather than air, providing a meaningful approximation of…
GWP (Global Warming Potential)
A relative measure comparing the greenhouse effect of refrigerants to carbon dioxide over a specific time period (typically 100 years). CO2 has GWP of 1 (baseline), while common refrigerants range…
HACCP (Cold Chain)
Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points—a systematic preventive approach to food safety that identifies physical, chemical, and biological hazards and establishes critical control points where monitoring and intervention prevent or…
Heat Transfer (Thermal)
The movement of thermal energy from higher temperature regions to lower temperature regions through three mechanisms: conduction (through solid materials), convection (through fluid movement), and radiation (electromagnetic energy transfer). In…
High-Altitude Refrigeration
The specialized engineering considerations required for refrigeration system design and operation at elevations significantly above sea level, where reduced atmospheric pressure affects compressor performance, condenser efficiency, and overall system capacity.…
Home Delivery
Residential delivery service emphasizing consumer convenience and doorstep handoff, representing the dominant consumer-facing terminology for what logistics professionals call last-mile delivery. For frozen food operations, home delivery encompasses the specific…
Ice Pack
A sealed container of water or water-gel mixture that provides passive cooling through phase change (melting), functionally similar to gel packs but typically using rigid containers rather than flexible pouches.…
Insulated Vehicle
A transport vehicle with specialized construction incorporating low-conductivity materials (polyurethane foam, expanded polystyrene) between interior and exterior walls, roof, and floor to minimize heat transfer and maintain controlled internal temperatures.…